Conductive polymers as electrochemical investigation for enhanced supercapacitor performance: Review

This review explores the role of conductive polymers in enhancing the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors, a promising solution for sustainable energy storage. Supercapacitors close the distance between batteries and conventional capacitors, providing quick charge-discharge cycles, a high energy density, and extended cycle life. The study delves into key types of supercapacitors, including electric double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid systems. Conductive polymers like polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) are emphasized for having exceptional electrochemical qualities, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, these materials face challenges related to mechanical stability, cycle life, and ion transport efficiency. Future opportunities lie in developing hybrid materials, nanostructured designs, and scalable synthesis methods to enhance conductivity, stability, and storage capacity. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of conductive polymers in advancing next-generation energy storage technologies to meet growing global energy demands.